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5-C Second Derivative Test

Instructions

Use the input boxes to define a function f(x) on an interval [a, b]. Use the checkboxes for a and b to include/exclude the endpoints of the interval. Use the checkboxes to show/hide interior extreme values, critical points, intervals of increase/decrease (monotonicity), and the graphs of the first and second derivative functions.

5-C Second Derivatives and Concavity

Concavity and Inflection Points: The second derivative gives us information about both the first derivative and the original function .
  • is concave up is increasing is positive
  • is concave down is decreasing is negative
An inflection point is a point where a function changes from concave up to concave down, or vice versa. Potential inflection points are points where or does not exist. The Second Derivative Test: The second derivative test is an alternative way to test the critical points of f to determine whether f has a local extreme value there. If is a critical point where , then:
  • If , then f is concave down (i.e., f' is decreasing) and f has a local maximum at x = c.
  • If , then f is concave up (i.e., f' is increasing) and f has a local minimum at x = c.
  • If , then f is neither concave up nor concave down (i.e., f' is neither increasing nor decreasing) and the second derivative test is inconclusive. Use the first derivative test instead.