Lesson 4
Dilations on a Square GridLearning goalsLearning goals(Student Facing)Learning targets(Student Facing)Required MaterialsRequired PreparationPrint-Formatted Word DocumentsPrint-Formatted PDFsIn this lesson, students apply dilations to polygons on a grid, both with and without coordinates. The grid offers a way of measuring distances between points, especially points that lie at the intersection of grid lines. If point Q is three grid squares to the right and two grid squares up from P then the dilation with center P of Q with scale factor 4 can be found by counting grid squares: it will be twelve grid squares to the right of P and eight grid squares up from P. The coordinate grid gives a more concise way to describe this dilation. If the center P is (0,0) then Q has coordinates (3,2). The image of Qafter this dilation is (12,8).Students continue to find dilations of polygons, providing additional evidence that dilations map line segments to line segments and hence polygons to polygons. The scale factor of the dilation determines the factor by which the length of those segments increases or decreases. Using coordinates to describe points in the plane helps students develop language for precisely communicating figures in the plane and their images under dilations (MP6). Strategically using coordinates to perform and describe dilations is also a good example of MP7.CCSS Standards: AddressingWARM-UP: 5 minutes4.1: Estimating a Scale FactorCCSS Standards: AddressingIn this warm-up, students estimate a scale factor based on a picture showing the center of the dilation, a point, and its image under the dilation.LaunchTell students they will estimate the scale factor for a dilation. Clarify that “estimate” doesn’t mean “guess.” Encourage students to use any tools available to make a precise estimate. Provide access to geometry toolkits. Student-Facing Task StatementPoint C is the dilation of point B with center of dilation A and scale factor s. Estimate s. Be prepared to explain your reasoning. Student ResponseAnswers vary. Sample response: about 2.3. Activity SynthesisCheck with students to find what methods they used to compare distances. Likely methods include using a ruler and division or using an index card and marking off multiples of the distance from A to B.Ask students:
- “Is the scale factor greater than 1?” (Yes.) “How do you know?” (the point C is further from A than B)
- “Is the scale factor greater than 2?” (Yes.) “How do you know?” (the distance from C to A is more than twice the distance from B to A)
- “Is the scale factor greater than 3?” (No.) “How do you know?” (The distance from C to A is less than 3 times the distance from B to A.)
- “Is the scale factor greater or less than 2.5?” (It is less.) “How do you know?” (The distance from C to A is less than 2.5 times the distance from B to A.)
- using a ruler or index card to measure distances along the rays emanating from the center of dilation
- taking advantage of the grid and counting how many squares to the left or right, up or down
- Find the dilation of quadrilateral ABCD with center P and scale factor 2.
- Find the dilation of triangle QRS with center T and scale factor 2.
- Find the dilation of triangle QRS with center T and scale factor 12.
- C. Answers vary. Sample response: The center of dilation is the point B, so the dilation also contains point B, suggesting this card. The scale factor of 32 works for the two trapezoids which are plotted together.
- A. Answers vary. Sample response: The scale factor was less than one, so the dilation will be closer to the center of dilation. Card A is plotted and shows the dilation since each vertex on the green trapezoid is the midpoint between the center of dilation and the corresponding vertex on the blue trapezoid.
- B. Answers vary. Sample response: The dilation scale factor was greater than one, so the dilated image will be a larger circle. The image is correct as both circles have the same center and the radius of the green circle is twice the radius of the blue circle.
- E. Answers vary. Sample response: This scale factor is less than one, so the image of the dilation is a circle that is smaller than the original one. The image is correct because the circles have the same center and the radius of the green circle is half the radius of the blue circle.
- F. The center of dilation is (0,0) so the dilated image is a triangle containing (0,0). This does not match any of the lettered cards.
- D. Answers vary. Sample response: the dilation of the triangle will be a triangle and it will be larger than △ABC since the scale factor is larger than 1. This suggests card D. The two are plotted together and △CDEis the dilation of △ABC with center P and scale factor 32.
- A dilation maps a circle to a circle, a quadrilateral to a quadrilateral, and a triangle to a triangle.
- If the center of dilation for a polygon is one of the vertices, then that vertex is on the dilated polygon.
- If the scale factor is less than 1 then the dilated image is smaller than the original figure.
- If the scale factor is larger than 1 then the dilated image is larger than the original figure.
- “How do we perform dilations on a square grid?”
- “How do coordinates help describe and perform dilations?”