Euclidean Geometry
The geometry that you have been learning is called Euclidean geometry. It was first developed by Euclid of Alexandria (around 300 BC) in his book called "The Elements". He treated geometry as an axiomatic system:
Undefined terms: "Points", "straight lines" and "lies on"
Axioms: five postulates
Postulate I - To draw a straight line from any point to any point.
Postulate II - To produce a finite straight line continuously in a straight line.
Postulate III - To describe a circle with any center and radius.
Postulate IV - That all right angles equal one another.
Postulate V - Parallel Postulate
The first three postulates are related to geometric constructions.