Learning material
Multimedia Principle: People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone[1]. When words and pictures are both presented, learners have an opportunity to construct verbal and visual mental models and to build connections between them.
Empirical Rationale: In eleven out of eleven tests, learners who received text and illustrations or narration and animation (multiple-representation group) performed better on transfer tests than did
learners who received text alone or narration alone (single-representation
group). The median effect size is
[1]Richard E. Mayer (2009). Multimedia learning second edition.Multimedia principle, 223-241